Analysis of Behavior of the Atmospheric ...

We analysed a reaction of the system “ocean-atmosphere” characteristics on the passing of the powerful tropical cyclone Katrina in August 2005 in the Florida Strait in area of the station SMKF1 (Sombrero Key) as well as a behaviour of the system in the period of time preceding to arising and developing the cyclone Humberto in September 2007 in the Mexico Gulf in area of the station 42019. It was shown with the data of station (buoy) meteorological and simultaneous satellite microwave radiometric measurements in these areas that such characteristics as the near-surface air temperature, humidity and pressure, the fluxes of sensible and latent heat and impulse at the ocean-atmosphere boundary as well as the atmosphere integral water vapour content and enthalpy react clearly to the cyclone Katrina passing and to beginning and progress of the cyclone Humberto. The technique of analysis of the atmosphere integral characteristics such as its total water vapour content and enthalpy was developed. It enables us to determine variations of the atmosphere temperature and humidity at various horizons during passing the cyclone Katrina the station SMKF1 and birth of the cyclone Humberto in area of the station 42019. It was shown that in both cases the effect of taking off the heat energy by cyclones from the atmosphere and the ocean surface takes a place. This effect results in strong disturbances of the temperature, humidity and pressure in the near-surface atmosphere and is accompanied by a sharp decrease of the atmosphere enthalpy and considerable increase of the vertical turbulent heat and moisture fluxes at the ocean surface.